Blood Conditions We Treat

AP Blood & Blood Cancer Centre focuses exclusively on hematology. Explore the blood disorders, bone marrow conditions and blood cancers Dr. Amarnadh Polisetty diagnoses and manages at the centre.

Leukemia

Leukemia is a cancer of the blood-forming tissue, primarily the bone marrow, in which abnormal white blood cells multiply uncontrollably and crowd out healthy blood cells. It is broadly classified as acute (rapidly progressing) or chronic (slower-developing), and further divided into myeloid or lymphoid types based on the blood cell line involved. Diagnosis and precise subtyping guide whether chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or bone marrow transplant is recommended.

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Lymphoma

Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in the lymphatic system, the network of lymph nodes, spleen, and related tissue that helps the body fight infection. It develops when lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, grow and divide abnormally, and is broadly divided into Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma based on specific cell characteristics seen under the microscope. The exact subtype and stage at diagnosis determine the recommended treatment approach.

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Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells, the antibody-producing cells normally found in bone marrow. Abnormal plasma cells multiply and crowd the marrow, produce an abnormal protein, and can weaken bones, impair kidney function, and lower normal blood cell counts. It typically affects older adults and is diagnosed through blood, urine, and bone marrow testing.

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Thalassemia

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body produces less haemoglobin than normal, or an abnormal form of it, reducing oxygen-carrying capacity and shortening red blood cell survival. It ranges from a symptom-free carrier state, known as thalassemia trait or minor, to a severe, transfusion-dependent form called thalassemia major, depending on how many globin genes are affected. It is diagnosed through blood counts, haemoglobin electrophoresis, and, where relevant, genetic testing.

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Hemophilia

Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of a specific blood clotting factor, most commonly Factor VIII (hemophilia A) or Factor IX (hemophilia B). This deficiency causes prolonged or spontaneous bleeding, particularly into joints and muscles. It is diagnosed through clotting factor assays and managed with factor replacement therapy and bleed-prevention strategies.

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Anemia

Anemia is a condition in which the blood has a lower-than-normal number of healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin, reducing the blood's capacity to carry oxygen to body tissues. It can result from reduced red cell production, such as iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency or a marrow disorder, from increased destruction of red cells (haemolysis), or from blood loss. Diagnosis relies on a complete blood count and further testing to identify the underlying cause.

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Platelet Disorders

Platelet disorders are conditions in which the number or function of platelets, the blood cells responsible for clotting, is abnormal, leading to easy bruising, bleeding, or, less commonly, abnormal clot formation. They include low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia), high platelet counts (thrombocytosis), and disorders where platelet numbers are normal but their function is impaired. Diagnosis involves blood counts, blood film review, and, when needed, bone marrow or platelet function testing.

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Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease is an inherited disorder in which red blood cells contain an abnormal form of haemoglobin that causes them to become rigid and crescent- or sickle-shaped under certain conditions. These misshapen cells can block small blood vessels, causing pain episodes and organ damage, and break down prematurely, causing chronic anemia. It is diagnosed through haemoglobin electrophoresis or genetic testing, often as part of newborn or carrier screening.

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Marrow Disorders

Bone marrow disorders are a group of conditions in which the marrow, the tissue inside bones that produces blood cells, fails to make enough healthy red cells, white cells, or platelets, or produces them abnormally. They include aplastic anemia, a form of marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), where blood cells form and mature abnormally, and other related marrow failure syndromes. Diagnosis requires bone marrow aspiration and biopsy alongside blood testing.

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Blood Cancer

Blood cancer is an umbrella term for cancers that begin in blood-forming tissue, including the bone marrow and lymphatic system, and affect how blood cells are made and function. The three main types are leukemia, a cancer of white blood cells; lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system; and multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells. Each type has distinct subtypes, diagnostic pathways, and treatment approaches determined by a clinical haematologist.

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Not sure which condition matches your symptoms?

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